ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Intrabursal immunization as a possible route to overcome immunosuppression due to maternal antibodies
Vaccination is the most effective mean of preventing, controlling, and even eradicating infectious diseases. Poultry are vaccinated through various routes including eye/nose drops, drinking water, vent brush, or injections. The prolonged suppression effect of maternal antibodies on humoral immune response of newly hatched chicks to active immunization has been reported, while the effect of vaccination route on this suppression still unclear. Laying hens were immunized with dinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (DNP-KLH). Purified maternal anti-DNP or non-specific IgY antibodies were transferred by yolk sac inoculation to newly hatched chicks (chicks of maternal and no-maternal antibodies), and they were immunized with DNP-KLH via intrabursal route at 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) and with 1 mg/kg BW intraperitoneally at 1 and 4 weeks of age. Concentration of anti-DNP antibodies in serum samples of these chicks was measured by using Enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The immune response to intrabursal immunization was higher in chicks of no-maternal antibodies than that of chicks of maternal antibodies at 5 weeks of age. Intrabursal immunization showed higher response than intraperitoneal one at the same dose. These results confirmed that the immune suppressive effect of maternal antibodies on the immune response of the newly hatched chicks was antigen specific and depends on the ratio of antigen/maternal antibody at the time of immunization. Furthermore, intrabursal vaccination showed promising results than intraperitoneal vaccination at the same dose.
https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_57912_b028b83b59c15ce482ad48fec52a4b5a.pdf
2020-06-01
1
9
10.21608/svu.2019.17189.1030
Chick
IgY
Intrabursal vaccination
Maternal antibody
Suppression
Rasha
Radey
rradey@vet.svu.edu.eg
1
Animal Health Research Institute, Qena Laboratory, Qena, Egypt
AUTHOR
Elsayed
Mohammed
esi.mohammed@vet.svu.edu.eg
2
Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammed
Ahmed
m.s.ahmed@vet.svu.edu.eg
3
Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Kisspeptin: A Central Regulator of Reproduction in Mammals
The discovery of the role of kisspeptin neurons in the regulation of mammalian reproduction in 2003 was one of the biggest breakthroughs in reproductive endocrinology within the last few decades. Research during the past two decades since the discovery of kisspeptin has been unveiling the mechanism of how the hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons control reproductive functions through regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. This article aims to overview kisspeptin research, including the most recent studies from ours and other research groups, and to discuss the possibility of new strategies to control reproductive functions in farm animals. In the first section, we introduce the critical role of kisspeptin neurons in puberty onset and reproductive functions in mammals, including the regulation of two modes of GnRH/gonadotropin secretion, namely pulsatile and surge modes. The next section focuses more on the mechanism of how the kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus precisely controls GnRH pulse using other two neuropeptides, neurokinin B and dynorphin A. The article also discusses the mechanism suppressing reproductive function during lactation and other stress conditions through inhibition of kisspeptin neurons and consequent GnRH/gonadotropin secretion, to provide insights on the possibility of new strategies to control reproductive performance in domestic farm animals. Keywords Anteroventral Periventricular Nucleus, Arcuate Nucleus, Fertility, Gonadotropins, Pre-optic Area.
https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58205_58cebb5dd7d58909f84e340be85b1f9b.pdf
2020-06-01
10
26
10.21608/svu.2019.16569.1027
Anteroventral Periventricular Nucleus
Arcuate Nucleus
fertility
Gonadotropins
Pre-optic Area
Nahoko
Ieda
nahokoieda@gmail.com
1
Laboratory of Reproductive Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, JAPAN Regional Office for Near East and North Africa, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Cairo, EGYPT
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Hassaneen
ahmed.hassaneen@vet.svu.edu.eg
2
Department of Theriogenology, Obstetrics and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University 83523, Qena, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Naoko
Inoue
ninoue@agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp
3
Laboratory of Reproductive Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, JAPAN
AUTHOR
Yoshihisa
Uenoyama
uenoyama@nagoya-u.jp
4
Laboratory of Reproductive Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, JAPAN
AUTHOR
Hiroko
Tsukamura
htsukamura@nagoya-u.jp
5
Laboratory of Reproductive Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, JAPAN
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Prebiotic on the Behavioural Patterns, Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Antibody Titer and Some Blood Parameters of Mule Ducks
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of prebiotic on behavioural patterns performance and some blood parameters of ducks. A total of forty-eight 15 days-aged ducks (Mule) were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments containing 0 (Control), 1.5 g/ kg and 3.0 g/kg prebiotic, respectively. The results indicated that using prebiotic as a feed additive at a dose of 1.5 g/kg effect on duck movement activities as it increased walking and standing activities, while it reduced the resting behavioural activities. Further, regarding the ingestive behaviour, both 1.5 and 3.0 g/kg prebiotic addition increased the feeding activities, while, only adding 3.0 g/kg prebiotic increased the drinking activities in comparison to the control. Moreover, the result indicated that prebiotic did not affect preening activities. Moreover, the inclusion of prebiotic at 1.5 or 3.0 g/kg caused numerical improvement in all measured performance parameters (i.e. body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, caloric conversion ratio, and performance index). The 3.0 g/kg level of prebiotic induced significant decreased in serum cholesterol and both 1.5 and 3.0 g/kg prebiotic increased the HI titer of Avian influenza vaccine. In conclusion, prebiotic supplementations up to 0.30 g/kg diet show a non-significant positive effect on duck growth performance. However, the behavioural and haematological responses of duck to prebiotic supplementation are needed to be carefully considered.
https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_63972_817ddaba1e5e7d931b8625ddd9c6bcd7.pdf
2020-06-01
27
38
10.21608/svu.2019.16763.1028
Duck
prebiotic
Behavior
performance
blood parameters
Usama
Mahmoud
1
Department of Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University 71515, Egypt
AUTHOR
Rasha
Hassan
rasha_feeding@yahoo.com
2
Department of Animal and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University 71515 , Assiut - Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Omar
Amen
3
Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University 71515, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ghada
Abdel-Raheem
ghada_sharaf@yahoo.com
4
Departments of Animal and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University 71515, Egypt
AUTHOR
Diya
Al-Rammamneh
5
Department of Biology, Faculty of Tayma, Tabuk University, 71491, Tabuk, KSA
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Mitigates The Negative Behavioral Effects Of Rut Season In Camels: - Group Size
The study objective was to investigate group size effect on some behavior, blood parameter, and body condition score of camels during rut. Camelus dromedarius bull camels (n = 38 ; 5 -7 years old) were assigned randomly to 4 housing group treatments of with 5, 8, 11 or 14 camels/pen with used the same supplying of a space allowance of 15 m2 /camel to give the same pen density. Behaviors was recorded from video data throughout one hour per single day each week for 10 weeks using continuous focal sampling are (20- min. intervals at morning, mid day, and afternoon) focused on posture, maintenance and aggressive behaviors. Camels housed in group (14 camels /pen) showed more maintenance behavior (feeding, drinking, and rumination), walking, and standing, and less in over all aggressive behaviors, and lying when compared to camels housed in groups (5 or 8 camels/pen). While, it had no effect on rumination, overall aggressive behaviors, and lying when compared to camels housed in groups (11 camels/pen). On the other hand, the hormonal blood parameters representing in testosterone level and T4 : T3 ratio beside to, body condition score were significantly higher with increasing the group size. While, cortisol, T3 and T4 levels were decreased linearly with group size increasing. In contrast, different groups numbering had no effect on total serum protein, albumin, globulin levels and A/G ratio. Lastly, group size as managerial practice in rutting camel’s management has effects on a different behavioral patterns, blood parameters and body condition score.
https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_67432_5767642477ac34420efe5a2045869c89.pdf
2020-06-01
39
50
10.21608/svu.2019.17256.1031
camel behavior
group size
body condition score
aggressive behavior
Ramadan
El shoukary
ramadandardeer8@gmail.com
1
animal hygiene department,New Valley university , Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmed
osman
ahmedelsaidbio@gmail.com
2
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Detection of Organochlorine Pesticides Residues in Nile Fish and Its Risks in Qena City
Fifteen organochlorine pesticides (OCP) residues were determined in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Long fin catfish (Chrysichthys auratus) in Qena city, Egypt by gas mass chromatography. Nile tilapia fish significantly (P < 0.05) had the highest concentrations of Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), endrin, methoxychlor, Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) and endosulfan sulfate with mean±SD concentration of 6.27±0.68, 25.02±0.01, 6.98±1.88, 33.35±1.76 and 47.82±12.51 ppb respectively. Long fin catfish significantly had the highest concentrations of D-chlordane, alpha hexachlorobenzene (a-BHC) and aldrin with mean±SD concentration of 82.27±0.45, 11.89±0.56, 11.73±0.48 ppb respectively. Finally African catfish significantly had the highest concentration of dieldrin with mean concentration 3.53±0.03 ppb and had significant lowest concentration of endrin 1.99±1.39 ppb. OCP residues in all examined raw fish samples were below the maximum permissible limits (MPL) set by Food and Drug Administration. The effect of pan frying on OCP residues showed that the highest reduction rate in OCP in Nile tilapia was 100% for dieldrin and endosulfan sulfate while reduction rate in African catfish was 100% for dieldrin, methoxychlor and endosulfan sulfate. On the other hand the reduction rate in Long fin catfish was 100% for dieldrin, endrin, methoxychlor, heptachlor epoxide and endosulfan sulfate. The lowest reduction rate was detected in DDD, DDE, b-BHC, heptachlor and DDT respectively. Consumption of studied fish had no potential hazard to human health as hazard ratio was below one. Carcinogenic risk (CR) value considered acceptable risk for b-BHC and considered level of concern for heptachlor epoxide, total DDTs, lindane and total heptachlor.
https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_69568_c2ef5083cca52a16657ea4c801ee0212.pdf
2020-06-01
51
65
10.21608/svu.2020.19713.1036
organochlorine
Pesticides
fish
Mostafa
Hassan
mostafa.aboalmgd@vet.svu.edu.eg
1
Animal Health Research institute
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Ahmed
ameawad@yahoo.com
2
Food Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Nabil
Marzouk
nabilmarzouk@hotmail.com
3
Food Control Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki. Egypt.
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Maky
mohamedmekky@vet.svu.edu.eg
4
Food Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University,83523, Qena, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Wound-Healing Activity of Green and Chemical Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) Gels in Equine Wounds: A clinical Study
This study was aimed to evaluate the wound healing activity of both green and chemical Zinc oxide Nanoparticles in equine. Ten animals (nine donkeys and one horse) suffered from traumatized infected or non-infected wounds were used in this study. The visible signs of wound infection were evaluated in six cases, while the other four cases were admitted with fresh recent wounds. Animals were topically treated once a day in and day out and monitored for three weeks. It was observed that, the macroscopic wound contraction percents in animals treated with green Zinc oxide Nanoparticles gel in 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks were 45%, 76%, and 93.6% respectively. While, those which treated with chemical Zinc oxide Nanoparticles gel were 40.4%, 67.2%, and 90.6% respectively. The study revealed that, green Zinc oxide Nanoparticles gel accelerated the wound healing and cleared the wound infection faster when compared to chemical Zinc oxide Nanoparticles gel. It was concluded that, topical green Zinc oxide Nanoparticles gel can significantly accelerate the process of wound healing and clear the wound infections in wounded equine from clinical field cases.
https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_77341_9fbbe10a7539fa5f203e9d3682cc4bac.pdf
2020-06-01
66
79
10.21608/svu.2020.21254.1040
Green ZnO-NPs
gel
Wound healing
Lawsonia inermis extract
Clinical efficacy
equine
Asmaa
Metwally
asmaaabdelsalam104@yahoo.com
1
Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan 81511, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdel-Nasser
Abdel-Hady
2
Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
AUTHOR
Khaled
Ebnalwaled
3
Electronics & Nano Devices Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt/Egypt Nanotechnology Center (EGNC), Cairo University Sheikh Zayed Campus, 12588 Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Samy
Morad
4
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Soliman
5
Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11865, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Toxic effects of formalin on the medical students of South Valley University following repeated exposure at the anatomy laboratories
Formalin is widely used in the anatomy dissecting rooms to preserve the animal cadavers and biological specimens in veterinary medical schools. Veterinary medical students at South Valley University are routinely exposed to formalin during their practical training. Although formalin is known to cause severe health problems, the toxic effects of formalin on the veterinary students at South Valley University has not been investigated before. Thus, the current study aimed to explore the toxic effects of exposure of veterinary medical students to formalin in the anatomy laboratories and to suggest some preventive measures to reduce its toxic effects. For this purpose, a total number of 167 students from the first- and the second-year at the department of anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University were surveyed. Approximately 79.6% of the students suffered from unpleasant smell, followed by eye irritation (63.6%), nasal irritation (51.5%), headache (44.9%), breathing difficulties (39.5), visual disturbance (29.5), lack of concentration (26.9%), cough (25.1%), lethargy and fatigue (19.2%), nausea (18%), digestive disturbance (14.4%), sore throat and dryness (12%), sleep disturbance (4.8%) and fainting (6%). In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the Veterinary Medical students are at risk of severe health problems due to prolonged exposure to formalin in the anatomy dissecting rooms. This calls The South Valley University authorities to apply a guideline to reduce the effect of exposure to formaldehyde in the anatomy laboratories.
https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_77342_cfe90381b3f0961e7b0868f3f89e4fa6.pdf
2020-06-01
80
86
10.21608/svu.2020.24069.1042
formalin
Formaldehyde
anatomy
Veterinary students
SVU
Yasser
Ahmed
yasser.galil@gmail.com
1
Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammed
Abdelsabour-Khalaf
mohabdelsabour76@gmail.com
2
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
AUTHOR
Eman
Abdelrahim
emaneweda@yahoo.com
3
Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Ghallab
ghallab@ifado.de
4
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt/Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Dried Moringa Oleifera Leaves on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chicken.
Infection is the major challenge facing the poultry industry resulting in high mortality. Therefore, phytobiotics attracted attention as natural alternatives to chemical growth promoters. Among the market phytobiotics, Moringa is common in Egypt; which has been previously shown to have anti-carcinogenic and antioxidant effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the addition of Moringa Oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) in broiler diets in different levels on growth performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters of broiler chickens. The trial was conducted with 150 one day old broiler chicks (Cobb) weighed and randomly distributed into 5 equal groups, each of 30 chicks. Diets were formulated to contain approximately the same level of crude protein (CP) (23% for starter, 20% for the grower, 18% for finisher) and metabolizable energy 3100 Kcal/kg. In the first group, birds were fed on the diet without the addition of MOLM and this group was assigned as control. Chicks in second, third, fourth, fifth groups were fed on the basal diets containing 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% MOLM (M1, M3, M5, and M7, respectively). The trial was extended for 6 weeks. The results showed that feed intake was not affected by the addition of MOLM. On the other hand, broilers fed on a diet containing 3% MOLM achieved higher body weight (2564 ±9.53 g; P < 0.001) and better feed conversion (1.59; P < 0.001) compared with other experimental groups. The supplementation of MOLM increased significantly (P = 0.03) dressed weight and dressing percentage (P = 0.07). Moreover, dressed weight were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in M3 group compared to control (+25% and +29%, respectively) and M1 (+29% and +28%, respectively) groups. Total serum protein and albumin levels did not differ among the experimental groups while levels of serum glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol showed different reactions to supplementation of diets with MOLM. In conclusion, the Addition of MOLM to the diet of broiler chicks improved growth performance and carcass traits. The best growth performance was observed in broilers fed on diets containing 3% MOLM.
https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_78268_27e50964cc66baa9a41ff564bd9b0f32.pdf
2020-06-01
87
99
10.21608/svu.2020.20685.1038
Moringa oleifera
Growth performance
blood parameters
Phytobiotics
Sara
Alwaleed
lalavet@yahoo.com
1
Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Elsayed
Mickdam
e.mickdam@vet.svu.edu.eg
2
Department of Nutrition and clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmed
Ibrahim
ibrahim.ahmed25@yahoo.com
3
Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
AUTHOR
Abdelbaset
Sayed
baset61@yahoo.com
4
Animal and Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Molecular detection of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in staphylococcus species isolated from human and poultry
Staphylococcus species are the most precarious micro-organisms in poultry meat, because they cause health problems to consumers and the economy of the country. Therefore, the current study was aimed to investigate the incidence rate of Staphylococcus species isolated from broiler chicken and hospitalized patient, detection the antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates by using Vitek2 system and confirmation the presence of genes encoding for pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance in detected isolates by PCR. To achieve these 200 samples were collected from poultry farms and hospitalized patient (100 for each) in dissimilar districts in Assiut province, to be subjected to bacteriological examination. The results showed that the incidence of Staphylococcus species was 35% and 45% in poultry and human samples respectively on mannitol agar. Vitek2 system divided poultry isolates to 11 isolates as coagulase-positive Staphylococci (CoPS) and 24 isolates as coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). Whereas 20 human isolates alienated as CoPS and 25 isolates assigned as CoNS. Antibiogram cleared that 45.7% and 53.3% of Staphylococcus isolates from poultry and human were identified as methicillin-resistant Staphylococci respectively, also Staphylococcal spp. cleared a resistance to different types of antimicrobials such as penicillin, tetracycline clindamycin. Vitek2 system showed a significant ability to differentiate among Staphylococcus species and distinguish its antimicrobial susceptibility which was complicated by conventional method. PCR results showed that the Staphylococcal isolates of poultry and human were harboring genes encoding for pathogenicity (coa, hld and pvl) and antimicrobial resistance (mecA, vanA, cfr and BlaZ) while none of the isolates harbored sei and seh genes.
https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_86155_639406178daa4b1ca7bf006808b60601.pdf
2020-06-01
100
122
10.21608/svu.2020.25542.1045
Staphylococcus species
vitek2 system
Poultry
human
Mohamed
Ahmed
vetmohs.salah@yahoo.com
1
Microbiology lab of Assiut University Hospital,Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohamed
Abd Al-azeem
wael_2000uk@yahoo.co.uk
2
Professor of Microbiology Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena,
AUTHOR
Hams
Ahmed
hams.mohamed@svu.edu.eg
3
Assistant professor of Microbiology Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on anxiety-related behaviors in male rats
The objective of this study was to investigate the influences of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZONPs) on the anxiety-related behaviors of male albino rats. Because of the sexual differences found in the anxiety related disorders, thirty-six male albino rats 40-days old weighed from 130 to 150 g and divided into three groups; group I served as a control, groups II and III were subjected to daily intraperitoneal injection of ZONPs (30 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg, respectively) for 5 days sequentially. Each treatment contained four replicates of 3 rats each. Eight rats per treatment (i.e.2 rats/replicate) were randomly taken and marked with green livestock spray for behavioral observation and anxiety testing on same day of injection. Elevated plus maize, open field, forced swimming, tail suspension tests were used for anxiety testing. Afterwards, the rats were sacrificed, and the histopathological evaluation of brain tissue was done. The results showed that the intraperitoneal injection of ZONPs reduced the standing behavior, climbing time of the forced swimming test, and increased the sleeping behavior, immobility time of the forced swimming test and agitation and immobility time of the tail suspension test (P < 0.05); while the ZONPs had no effects on alert activities, open field test, and elevated plus maize test (P > 0.05) in ZONPs injected groups. In addition, ZONPs induced necrosis of the nerve cells in cerebral cortex and the Purkinje cells in cerebellum.
https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_87110_d704e09315fafab10f0ab2ef727fb85f.pdf
2020-06-01
123
132
10.21608/svu.2020.22360.1041
Rats
anxiety
Zinc Oxide
Behavior
Brain
Ahmed
Mohammed
ahmed.abd_elhafez@vet.au.edu.eg
1
Department of Animal and poultry behavior and management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71526, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hayam
Hamdy
hayamvet1989@hotmail.com
2
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, 72511, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ghada
Abdelrady
ghadaabdelreda@aun.edu.eg
3
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71515, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Seliman
selemanvet08@yahoo.com
4
Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71526, Egypt
AUTHOR
Usama
Mahmoud
usamakomsan5@gmail.com
5
Department of Animal and poultry behavior and management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University
AUTHOR