2024-03-29T09:57:36Z
https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=5561
SVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences
2535-1826
2535-1826
2019
2
2
Apharyngogyliauchen callyodontis Yamaguti, 1942 (Digenea) from a New Host, the Common Parrotfish, Scarus psittacus (Scaridae) with Special Reference to its Morphological Intra-SpecificVariations
Yasser
Karar
Hoda
Mohamadain
Refaat
Khalifa
Hemely
Hassan
As part of an on-going study of the helminth parasites collected from the Red Sea fishes, Apharyngogyliauchen callyodontis Yamaguti, 1942 is reported for the first time parasitizing the middle and lower parts of the intestinal tract of Scarus psittacus (Common parrotfish) (Forsskål), collected from the northern Red Sea of Egypt. The encountered helminth was re-described morphologically and morphometrically based on the light microscope study. The current study demonstrated that some taxonomically important, previously unreported morphological and morphometric features, including the variation in; intestinal ceca length, and their posterior extension, testes position relative to ventral sucker, cirrus-sac shape, pars prostatica shape and its extension inside cirrus, genital pore positions from median to nearly submedian, vitelline follicles distribution and its posterior extension, seminal receptacle shape, ovary shape and posterior extension of the uterus. The diagnostic morphological features were elucidated and discussed to provide correct identification of Apharyngogyliauchen species with very careful consideration to avoid overlapping with the closely related species.
Apharyngogyliauchen callyodontis
Common parrotfish
Egypt
Red Sea
Scarus psittacus
2019
12
01
1
12
https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_33237_03cbf39f041b196f5e3cd9fc28ecd87e.pdf
SVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences
2535-1826
2535-1826
2019
2
2
Choana Morphogenesis in Developmental Stages of Muscovy Ducks
Fatma
Madkour
Kamal
Abdalla
Salma
Mohamed
This study was performed by using fourty nine Muscovy ducks to obtained sufficient information about the development of the choanal slit from 1 to 60 days old. The choanal slit formed nearly one third of the total length of the palate in all studied ages; consisted of rostral narrow and caudal wide parts. The ratio of the length of narrow part to the total length of the choanal slit was generally low at the young ducks and increased in the older ones, while that of the wide part reversing the ratio of the narrow part. By SEM, 2 rows of papillae can be identified on the edges of the wide part of the choanal slit in all studied ages. The papillae of those rows were mostly cone-shaped with pointed apices, but some of them are dome-shaped with blunt apices were demonstrated at 60 days old and numerous openings of the intraepithelial glands were scattered within the epithelium of the choanal slit. At the edges of the choanal slit at one day old, the stratified squamous epithelium continues for a short distance before transforming into ciliated respiratory epithelium. This epithelium was interrupted by intraepithelial mucous glands. These glands and their ducts surrounded by multiple lymphatic infiltration and nodules at 15- 60 days old. The lamina propria of the palate at the level of the choanal slit contained palatine salivary glands, these glands in older ages surrounded by numerous lymphatic nodules.
Choanal slit
Ducks
SEM
papillae
2019
12
01
13
26
https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_35739_7d5f9acf096d35b0bafa316e0c3704db.pdf
SVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences
2535-1826
2535-1826
2019
2
2
Effect of Probiotic on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Clinical Health Parameters of Broilers Reared under Heat Stress in Upper Egypt
Eslam
Ahmed
Mootaz
Abdelrahman
Khaled
Gahreeb
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of probiotic (PROBAC plus®) supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and clinical health parameters of broilers reared under high temperature (32-35oc) from age of 22 to 42 day. A total of 120 broiler chicks were divided into 4 groups at age of one day. The first group was control (fed with basal diet), second was broilers reared at high temperature (fed with basal diet), third was broilers reared at high temperature (fed basal diet + probiotic) and fourth was probiotic group (control + probiotic). Growth performance was determined weekly. At day 42, 10 birds from each group were randomly selected and slaughtered to determine the carcass characteristics and to collect blood samples. Serum blood biochemicals and thyroid hormones were estimated. The obtained results showed that heat stress have reduced the performance, carcass traits and showed alterations in clinical biochemical parameters. Addition of probiotic to diets of birds reared with or without stress enhanced growth performance, carcass traits and improved clinical blood parameters. The results suggest that probiotic can be used to counteract the adverse effects of heat stress in addition to its efficacy as growth promoter.
probiotic
heat stress
Growth performance
blood biochemicals
Broiler Chicken
2019
12
01
27
44
https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_37637_21955488f60886e017f960a424f20083.pdf
SVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences
2535-1826
2535-1826
2019
2
2
Prospects and limitations of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling for cross-species extrapolation
Lars
Kuepfer
The transition from experimental findings in animal models to clinical applications in human patients is a key challenge in pharmacology and toxicology. To date, this steps still inhibits a significant level of uncertainty explaining amongst others the continuously high attrition rates in pharmaceutical development programs. Computational modelling bears the promise to support cross-species extrapolation through mechanistic descriptions of relevant physiological processes. In this review, the benefits and limitations of computational approaches for clinical translation are discussed and the needs for future applications are outlined. A particular focus is laid on the differentiation between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. While the former determines drug exposure in plasma or specific tissues, the latter describes the resulting response, i.e. the therapeutic outcome or an adverse event. Based on a previous study it is argued that the main challenges for cross-species extrapolation is genetic divergence between different animal models and humans which will require novel inter-disciplinary concepts for clinical translation in the future.
cross-species extrapolation
inter-species extrapolation
PBPK modelling
Pharmacology
Toxicology
2019
12
01
45
51
https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_38878_0a78fc4dfa39c4e6e499846164401f66.pdf
SVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences
2535-1826
2535-1826
2019
2
2
Molecular Detection of Some Virulence Genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Chicken Embryos and Broilers with regard to Disinfectant Resistance
Hala
Shahat
Hams
Mohamed
Mohammed
Abd Al-Azeem
Soad
Nasef
Pseudomonas is a communal motif of environmental associated disease and causes a serious problem in poultry farms, so this study was deliberated to investigate the quandary of Pseudomonas species especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) which has multifarious virulence genes and plays a major role in poultry outbreaks. Also, it focuses the light on the problem of antimicrobial and disinfectant resistance. A total of 200 samples (100 from dead in shell chicken embryos and 100 from broilers at different ages) were collected from different hatcheries and farms in Luxor governorate, 40 isolates (20%) of Pseudomonas species were isolated and identified serologically as P.cepacia, P.fluorescens, P.putida, P.fragi and P.aeruginosa. PCR inveterate the existence of P.aeruginosa DNA in seven isolates by using 16SrDNA primers at 956bp. P.aeruginosa isolates have different virulence genes such as toxA, exoS, lasB, lasI and oprL gene with incidence rate 71.42% for each of them, except oprL was 100%. Also, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds resistant genes (QACs) were detected in P. aeruginosa isolates with incidence rate (14.28%) for each of qacAB and qacCD genes, while the qacED1 gene incidence was (100%). P. aeruginosa isolates showed an obstacle of antimicrobial resistance for different antimicrobials while most of these isolates cleared susceptibility for ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. In conclusion, this work described the problem of P. aeruginosa as it proved a high virulence repertoire owned by the P. aeruginosa that confirming its pathogenicity for chicken embryos and broilers. Also, our study is fuelling the concern on disinfectant resistance problem and displaying the relation between QACs and antibiotic resistance. So, the deterrence of the Pseudomonas infection in the poultry housing becomes necessary by applying strict bio-security measures.
P.aeruginosa
Virulence genes
QACs resistant genes
Antimicrobials
2019
12
01
52
70
https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_40727_bc49d8a75991c214123ab7c8573d73a4.pdf
SVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences
2535-1826
2535-1826
2019
2
2
Effect of tenofovir Administration And Withdrawl On The Kidney Tissues Of Adult Male Albino Rats And The Protective Role Of Vitamin E
Rasha
Abd El-Fattah
Dorreia
Zaghloul
Eman
Abd Elrahim
Salwa
Ouies
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is one of antiretroviral drugs used to treat chronic hepatitis B and HIV. In recent studies many Tenofovir problems were recorded; acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and Fanconi syndrome. Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant that reduce free radical damage. Vitamin E supplementation can protect kidney tissues and enhances their regeneration if it is added to Tenofovir treatment. The aim of the present study is to describe the changes which occur in the kidney tissues of the adult male albino rats after Tenofovir administration and determine whether these changes are reversible or not after drug withdrawal, Also, whether vitamin E has a protective role or not. A total number of 40 adult male albino rats weighting 200-250 grams were used. Rats were divided into four groups, 10 rats in each group. The first group I (control group), The second group II which was treated with Tenofovir 10 mg/kg/day for two months, the third group III which was treated with Tenofovir10 mg/kg/day for two months, vitamin E also was given 100mg/kg/day for two months. The fourth group IV which was treated with Tenofovir 10 mg/kg/day for two months then withdrawal of Tenofovir for one month. There was a marked degeneration of renal glomeruli and tubules in group II which was highly statistically significant than control group (P< 0.001), while in group III there was marked improvement of renal glomeruli and tubules which was highly statistically significant than group II (P<0.001). while in group IV these changes were moderately significant when compared with group II (P<0.01). Therefore, Vitamin E has a protective role if it is added to Tenofovir treatment, also vitamin E enhances regeneration of renal tissues after Tenofovir withdrawal.
Tenofovir
kidney
Fanconi syndrome
Vitamin E
2019
12
01
71
80
https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_40731_17e1cd2dca7e77ce913061121b08f57f.pdf
SVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences
2535-1826
2535-1826
2019
2
2
First Record of Lethrinitrema gibbus Lim and Justine, 2011 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) from Gills of Lethrinus nebulosus (Perciformes: Lethrinidae) of the Red Sea, Egypt.
Ali
Mansour
Sohier
Rabie
Abdel-Nasser
Hussein
Lethrinitrema gibbus was re-described from gills of Lethrinus nebulosus collected from coasts of Safaga region along the Red Sea, Egypt during the period from June 2018 to January 2019. Among 30 specimens of Lethrinus nebulosus examined in this study, 7 were infected (23.33%) with Lethrinitrema gibbus. Lethrinitrema gibbus is an ancyrocephalid monogenean parasite distinguished from other monogeneans by a male copulatory organ (MCO) which consists of a simple tapered copulatory tube with a long base distally recurved and a thin accessory piece arises from distal part of the tube. It also possesses a haptor with four well - developed anchors; ventral anchors with lateral grooves along both sides, crown-like pieces on its inner roots and a pair of pear - shaped haptoral reservoirs with tubular extensions which bifurcate distally prior to associate with the lateral grooves along both sides of the ventral anchors. In the current study, the recovered parasite was comparable to the previously described Lethrinitrema gibbus. Accordingly, it is the first record of Lethrinitrema gibbus infecting gills of Lethrinus nebulosus in the Red Sea, Egypt.
Lethrinitrema gibbus
Lethrinus nebulosus
Safaga
Red Sea
Egypt
2019
12
01
81
90
https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_41341_b4c72282f613d329f8898a99ce2742ef.pdf
SVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences
2535-1826
2535-1826
2019
2
2
Experimental Co-infection of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H9N2) and Escherichia Coli in SPF Broiler Chickens.
Mohamed
Taha
Ahmed
Ibrahim
Nabila
Osmsn
Ahmed
Gaber
Soad
Nasef
Mohammed
Ahmed
The work was implemented to evaluate the pathogenicity of H9N2 when co-infected with the E.coli. Avian influenza H9N2 virus strain A/chicken/Egypt/1618F/2016 which was isolated from Luxor province during 2016 and E.coli serotype O78 were used in this research. Sixty SPF birds were divided into 6 groups of ten birds each. At age 21 days, group 1 was inoculated with H9N2 only, group 2 received E.coli and three days later received H9N2, group 3 inoculated with H9N2 and after three days received E.coli, group 4 was challenged with E.coli and H9N2 at the same time, group 5 was inoculated with E.coli only, and group 6 was designed as a negative group. Clinical signs, postmortem examination, and serological examination were monitored for 15 days. The H9N2 virus presence was assessed in tracheal and cloacal swabs using real-time PCR. The most severe signs and lesions were observed in groups (3, and 4), with also high mortality rate than other groups with a percentage of 20%. Groups 3, and 4 showed a longer duration in virus shedding in the tracheal and cloacal samples. The hemagglutination inhibition test, group 4 showed high HI antibody titer against AIV-H9N2 antigen than other groups, while group 2 showed the lowest HI antibody titer against AIV-H9N2 antigen than other groups that received only the H9N2 virus. In conclusion, the outcomes of this study revealed that the infection of H9N2 with E.coli can exacerbate the clinical outcomes and mortality rates which leads to higher economic losses in chicken flocks.
LPAI (H9N2)
E.coli
SPF
co-infection
pathogenicity
2019
12
01
91
100
https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_43980_6223c515831a477438830d02c1dbf4d6.pdf
SVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences
2535-1826
2535-1826
2019
2
2
Anatomical Descriptions of The Nasal Cavity of The Aquatic and Non-Aquatic Birds
Fatma
Madkour
This study attested the anatomical and morphometrical descriptions of the nasal cavity in duck, goose as the aquatic birds and quail, dove as the non-aquatic birds. This study elucidated in the aquatic birds that the nasal cavity remarkable increased in width caudally and had relatively larger nasal conchae and greater of the middle nasal concha than the non-aquatic birds. The nostrils without operculum in the aquatic birds and with horny operculum in the non-aquatic birds, it located at the base of the upper beak by variable distances but in quail, it located punctually at the base of the beak. In all examined birds, the nasal cavity consisted of three nasal conchae except dove consisted of two conchae. The middle nasal concha length constituted the highest percentage to that of the nasal cavity which was recorded 63.91%, 55.18%, and 58.88% in duck, goose and quail respectively except in dove the caudal one recorded the highest percentage 42.16%. In transverse sections, the rostral nasal concha projected from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity as a shelf-like in duck, T-shape in goose and appeared as very small bulla in dove as well as it was C shape enclosed vertical lamella of the nostril in quail. The middle one scroll one and one-half turns in duck, two turns in goose, one-half turn in quail and absent in dove. The caudal nasal concha in duck, goose, and quail was bulla-like and hollow pear-shaped in dove. The infra-orbit sinus was well developed in the aquatic birds than that of the non-aquatic birds.
Aquatic birds
Non-aquatic birds
Concha
nasal cavity
2019
12
01
101
110
https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_44862_4a4580a495e24b7faa157600c4a6d185.pdf
SVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences
2535-1826
2535-1826
2019
2
2
Scale up of Xylanase Production by Submerged Fermentation from Brevibacillus Borstelentis (MTCC 9874) and Digestibility Assessment of Crude Xylanase in Wheat.
Milan
Phuyal
Shristi
Joshi
Alisha
Pradhan
Roshani
Rokaya
Saniya
Shrestha
Uttam
Budhathoki
The main objective of this study was to scale up xylanase production from isolated soil microbe (Brevibacillus borselensis; the Microbial Type Culture Collection (MTCC) 9874) in a bioreactor and check digestibility of this crude enzyme in animal feed (wheat). Scale up was done from lab production Xylanolytic activity in bioreactor is greater than flask method due to more controlled condition in bioreactor which is not possible in flask method. Digestibility of crude enzyme was checked in wheat and was found that 16 (15.797) times digestion of wheat animal feed will be increased if it is supplemented with crude xylanase produced in bioreactor in the given condition. Although, pure enzymes are very expensive, this may not be affordable for farmers. Crude enzymes can be produced locally, or it will be very cheap and of low cost as it is present in the crude form thus, it is considered of a great value to farmers to increase their productivity and change their socio-economic condition
xylanase
Brevibacillus borstelensis
fermentation
scale up
xylan
2019
12
01
111
115
https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_46098_211d25be5a30e981aace192f6ab53bd1.pdf