South Valley Univesity, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineSVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences2535-18262120190601The Use of Probiotics to Enhance Immunity of Broiler Chicken Against Some Intestinal Infection Pathogens1192314110.21608/svu.2019.23141ENFatma M.MohamedDepartment of Poultry Diseases, Animal Health Research Institute, Regional Laboratory, Assiut, Egypt.Manal H.ThabetDepartment of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute, Regional Laboratory, Assuit, Egypt.Marwa F.AliDepartment of Veterinary Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Egypt.Journal Article20180909This study was conducted on120 one day old broiler chicks which were divided into six groups, 20 birds each. Group 1 (control), group 2 (supplemented with probiotic), group 3 (challenged with S<em>almonella</em> and receive no probiotic), group 4 (challenged with <em>E coli</em> and receive no probiotic), group 5 (challenged with <em>Salmonella</em> and supplemented with probiotic), group 6 (challenged with <em>E coli</em> and supplemented with probiotic). The experiment extended for 30 days starting from one-day-old chicks. Body weights, clinical symptoms, haematological analysis and postmortem lesions were demonstrated on 8<sup>th</sup>, 15<sup>th</sup> and 30<sup>th</sup> day of the experiment. Also, histopathological studies of the intestinal mucosa, liver, spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius, as well as immunostaining of surface antigens (CD3A in the thymus and CD79A in the spleen and bursae of Fabricius), were also investigated. The current study revealed that supplementation of probiotic alone obviously improved weight gains as compared to the control group.<br /> Furthermore, probiotic supplementation decreased the colony forming a unit (CFU) of <em>Salmonella enteritidis</em> and <em>E. coli (strain O2: H45)</em> in the intestinal mucosa. Histopathologically, the intestinal mucosa showed an improvement which indicated by hyperplasia of the lining epithelium and abundance of goblet cells, but this local effect did not extend to other organs in the body that demonstrated mild to severe histopathological changes in challenged groups. The haematological analysis also verified that treatment with probiotics had no significant effect on most blood values (RBCs, WBCs and Hb). However, the differential leucocytic counts were significantly influenced by dietary treatment with probiotics which caused a highly significant decrease in lymphocyte percentage. In conclusion, probiotics obviously improved the growth performance and local immune response in the intestine, however no clear evidence of improvement of the general immune status of the experimental birds.https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_23141_dd7f36097d7aef819befda53901bba90.pdfSouth Valley Univesity, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineSVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences2535-18262120190601Detection of Multi-Drug Resistant Food-borne Bacteria in Ready-to-Eat Meat Products in Luxor City, Egypt20352316810.21608/svu.2019.23168ENRania I.YounisReference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry production (RLQP), Animal Health Institute, Luxor, Egypt.Soad A.NasefReference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry production (RLQP), Animal Health Institute, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt.Wesam M.SalemDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt.0000-0003-0212-2143Journal Article20181015A total of five <em>Escherichia coli </em>and eight <em>Salmonella </em>isolates were recovered from ready-to-eat meat samples obtained from different street vendors in Luxor city, Egypt. Bacterial isolates were assayed for antimicrobial susceptibility, its virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. The total number recovered positive <em>Salm</em><em>onella</em> spp and <em>E. coli</em> were 8 (6.66%) and 5 (4.16%) respectively. All <em>E. coli</em> isolates were exhibited resistance against streptomycin and cephalothin. While all <em>Salmonella</em> isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid. PCR screening for virulence genes showed that 2 (40%) of the <em>E. coli </em>(O111:H4) serovar were positive for <em>stx</em>1,<em> stx</em>2, and <em>eae</em>A. While <em>Salmonella enteritidis</em>, <em>typhimurium</em>, and <em>virchow</em> hold <em>inv</em>A, <em>hil</em>A and <em>stn</em> genes with percentage of 37.5, 25 and 12.5% respectively. The identified tetracycline resistance gene for <em>E. coli</em> isolates were <em>tet</em>B (60%), <em>tet</em>C (20%) and <em>tet</em>D (20%). The <em>β</em>-lactamase resistance gene <em>bla</em><sub>CTX</sub> was identified in 50% of<em> Salmonella</em> isolates represented by <em>S. enteritidis</em>, <em>S. typhimurium</em> and<em> S. Virchow</em>. The <em>bla</em><sub>CMY</sub> genes were detected in <em>S. typhimurium</em> and <em>S. infantis</em> (37.5%). These results highlighted the role of ready-to-eat meat as a potential source for multidrug-resistant strains of <em>E. coli </em>and <em>Salmonella</em>. The current results indicate the need for applying hygienic practices in food outlets - especially in street vendors - to reduce the incidence of food-borne bacteria and to prevent future food-borne outbreaks in the studied area.https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_23168_7ea47c4b361a4fa536c69ad399cc9372.pdfSouth Valley Univesity, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineSVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences2535-18262120190601Assessment of The Role of Light in Welfare of Layers36502317610.21608/svu.2019.23176ENHesham H.MohammedDepartment of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptJournal Article20180923<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;">Due to the difference in spectral sensitivity between poultry and human, there was an importance to identify the optimal light environment for the health, behavior, welfare, and production of layers. Overall birds have many types of retinal regional specializations, which have been interpreted with respect to both ecology and behavior. Light is one part of a complex of the physical phenomenon called electromagnetic radiation, which is depending on its wavelength. Light consists of 3 different aspects; intensity, photoperiod, and spectral content color. Photoperiod manipulation is likely the most important aspect of light in poultry production. Lighting programs in laying hen farms are depending on photoperiod, whereas, one hour increase in daylength leads to increase in 4 egg numbers. Overall, the use of either an increasing or intermittent lighting program will improve the welfare over those birds raised on constant light photoperiods. The light source may have an effect on leg disorders, with the use of fluorescent bulbs causing a lower incidence of the problem as compared to incandescent bulbs. Furthermore, the light intensity plays important role in poultry welfare, where the decrease in light intensities may cause lower body weights by altering behavioral patterns and can also cause eye damage, increased mortality, and a result in physiological changes in the birds. The different light colors had significant differences in all behaviors, plumage scores, foot condition, and growth performance of layers due to the presence of many types of retinal regional specializations. Thus, this article concludes that the source, spectra, intensity, and regime of light supplementation become major factors in modern poultry management.</span></span>https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_23176_e2fd8d29924c2e3b70f102c2c5a4c3fe.pdfSouth Valley Univesity, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineSVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences2535-18262120190601Nephro-Protective Effect of Wheat Germ Oil on Gentamicin-Induced Acute Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Albino Rat51672358210.21608/svu.2019.23582ENLamiaa O.HafezDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, 82524, EgyptFatma A.AliDepartment of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, 82524, Egypt0000-0001-6415-0647Ashraf A.El-GhoneimyDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Qena, South Valley University, 83523, EgyptMagdy I.Abdel-AzizDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Ell-Sheikh University, 33516, EgyptJournal Article20181010Gentamicin (GM) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that possesses a wide range of anti-microbial activity. Currently, uses of gentamicin are narrowed due to it supposedly induces nephrotoxicity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the possible nephron-protective effect of wheat germ oil (WGO), and its antioxidant potential against gentamicin-induced toxicity in Wistar albino rats. Forty rats were randomly assigned to four different groups (Ten animals each); Group I was administered normal saline and acts as a control group. Group II was received WGO at a dose of (3 mg/kg by stomach gavage) daily for the 15successive days. Group III was administered gentamicin at the dose of (100 mg/kg i.p.) daily for 10 successive days. Group IV was given WGO as group II and one hour latter rats were treated with gentamicin as in group III. Rats in group III showed significant increases (p≤0.05) in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as well as renal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels together with significant (p≤0.05) reduction in glutathione (GSH) level and catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. In rats of group IV, creatinine and BUN levels were significantly (p≤0.05) reduced. Furthermore, renal GSH level and CAT and SOD activities were significantly (p≤0.05) increased in comparison to group III. Histopathological examination revealed variable grades of renal tissue alterations ranged from moderate to severe degrees of glomerular atrophy, vascular congestion, hemorrhage, tubular dilatation, necrosis and hyalinization in group III. In contrast, renal tissue in rats of group IV revealed glomerular cellularity of control group, reduction of tubular injury, and decreasing of collagen deposition. Therefore, WGO can effectively decrease the GM-induced renal injury as monitored by lipid peroxidation and histopathological examination.https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_23582_eb947636edfad34f5753f529ff79773d.pdfSouth Valley Univesity, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineSVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences2535-18262120190601Nutritive Value of the Dromedary Camel Meat68742851810.21608/svu.2019.9670.1006ENHassanAbdel-RaheemDepartment of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptHussienAhmedDepartment of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptSheriefSh. M. S. Abd-AllahDepartment of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptMohamedAbdel-RasoulDepartment of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptJournal Article20190214The current study was conducted to spotlight on the nutritive value of the dromedary camel meat from different ages in Egypt. A total of 50 samples were randomly collected over a period of 10 months from the hindquarter (<em>glutobicepis</em>) muscle of male camel carcasses slaughtered at Assiut and Sharkia Governorates. The samples were divided into two groups according to the age: Group "A" for young age (1≤5 years) and Group "B" for old ages (5-8 years). All samples were subjected to a proximate analysis (moisture, protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrate). Only 16 samples from each age were analyzed for some minerals content (Ca, Fe, K, P, Na, and Mg) and for cholesterol, caloric value and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) contents. The statistical analysis of the results declared the presence of a significant increase (p<0.01) in fat, ash, carbohydrate, energy, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, cholesterol and conjugated linoleic acid contents of the camel meat samples with an increasing age. Camel meat from different ages has high nutritive value and it contains considerable amount of protein, which is nearly similar or sometimes higher than other red meat. Pointing to cholesterol and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of camel meat, the obtained mean values in young and old ages were 31.11, 3.19 and 50.63, 5.99 mg/100gm fat, respectively. In conclusion, meat from young camels could be healthier due to its lower fat and cholesterol content.https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_28518_138403c3c2b6e2422baf05e92becb98b.pdfSouth Valley Univesity, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineSVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences2535-18262120190601The Potential of Nutrigenomics from Viewpoint of Animal Nutrition: A Mini Review75812888610.21608/svu.2019.7265.1005ENBimrewAsmareBahir Dar University, Department of Animal Production and Technology, Bahir Dar, P.O. Box 5501, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.TesfayeNegewoEducation Strategy Center, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaJournal Article20190115<span lang="EN-US">N<span>ut</span>rigenomics is relatively new area of science which requires more appraisal and further research. Therefore, it must be well understood before it is applied in the field of agriculture particularly in animal science. From earlier few studies, it has been learnt that nutrigenomics and allied sciences have significant importance to serve as modern tool f<span>o</span>r<span>nu</span>tritional research in comprehending the problems related to animal production and health. But the level of awareness is not that much raised for maximum exploitation of the science. For this reason, efforts have to be exerted to uncover the state of current knowledge, skill and practices how nutrigenomics helps in boosting animal productivity and health condition. One of the approaches to expand this knowledge is using various dissemination mechanisms such as bringing together the information from different sources, analyzing and interpreting. In scientific or research language, this is referred as review. To this end, literature and articles related to animal nutrition and health which were produced over several years are browsed and reviewed. Based on the review, it is possible to recognize that the future of animal nutrition requires intensified feeding and precise nutrient specification of animals. Hence, understanding the importance of nutrigenomics, exploring how it works, and identifying what benefit it has is the scope of the review. This piece of paper is therefore written to describe what nutrigenomics mean, its importance, how it can be applied and what contribution it has to the field of animal sciences. </span>https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_28886_456bd1f28e873661fe0cccce97d80293.pdfSouth Valley Univesity, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineSVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences2535-18262120190601Change in Behavior, Blood Parameters and Pain Score in Response to Different Treatment Strategies in Bull Infected with FMD or LSD821072890610.21608/svu.2019.6807.1004ENRamadanEl ShoukaryDepartment of Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, The New Valley University, EgyptNaniNasr EldinDepartment of Clinical pathology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, The New Valley University, EgyptAhmedOsmanDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, EgyptJournal Article20181222<span lang="EN-US">Foot and mouth disease and lumpy skin disease of cattle is a common disease on commercial cattle farms which associated with changes in behavior, blood parameters, pain related behaviors and pain scale measurements, but little is known about this effect. The objectives of the present study were to test 2 hypotheses. First, investigate these changes; second, explained the effect of different treatment strategies (analgesic with Flunixin meglumine) or non-analgesic on lameness and pain scale. 125 bull cows were enrolled in the study based on visual observation of abnormal behavior the present study was done in Assiut governorate in Egypt was divided in three groups, which 25 clinically healthy bull (control group), FMD clinically infected group (25 analgesic + 25 non-analgesic and LSD (25 analgesic + 25 non analgesic). Obtained data illustrated that; there are significant increase physiological parameters (rectal temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate), lying behavior and total pain scale, while, there are significant decrease in feeding, drinking, rumination and standing behaviors, activity of exploration and activity of body care which may be corrected by Flunixin using.</span><br /> <span lang="EN-US">Conclusion: Flunixin injection may help in decreasing the negative pain behaviors and physiological changes caused by LSD or FMD</span>https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_28906_a6f109d20d6bd79064bf3eff8523ab75.pdfSouth Valley Univesity, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineSVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences2535-18262120190601Effect of Dietary Supplemental Ginger on Broiler Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Blood Profile1081182897710.21608/svu.2019.6404.1000ENRashaHassanDepartment of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University 71526, Assiut, EgyptGamalMosaadDepartment of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University 71526, Assiut, EgyptHala Y.Abd El-wahabDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, EgyptJournal Article20181127<span lang="EN-US">A study using one hundred unsexed day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308), 25 birds/treatment was conducted to evaluate the effect of ginger powder as natural feed additives on the growth performance, carcass traits and blood parameters of broiler chickens. Four dietary treatments were formulated to meet the nutrient requirements of broiler chicks containing ginger powder at levels 0%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6%. The results showed that no significant differences were recorded in body weight and body weight gain</span><span lang="EN-US">between different experimental groups. Birds fed diets supplemented with ginger exhibited better feed conversion </span><span lang="EN-US">(P>0.05) and lower feed intake</span><span lang="EN-US"> than control birds. The measurements of carcass traits, hematological values and serum biochemical parameters showed no marked variation between the treated groups. It could be concluded that ginger powder at the used levels in this experiment has not potential to be used as a growth promoter in broiler chicks. </span>https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_28977_7ca29f848308b10d7a73dcce512d9966.pdfSouth Valley Univesity, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineSVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences2535-18262120190601Assessment the Calf’s Welfare Due to The Gender, Number of Offspring and Calving Status in Holstein Calves1191303040910.21608/svu.2019.6656.1002ENAzharAbdel FattahDepartment of veterinary public health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.HeshamMohammedDepartment of veterinary public health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.MohamedYoussefDepartment of veterinary public health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.Al-SadikSaleemDepartment of veterinary public health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.IbrahimYounissInspection Department of Kom-Ombo Veterinary Services, Aswan Governorate, Egypt.Journal Article20181215The aim of the present paper was to study the influence of gender, number of offspring, calving status on both health and welfare. Out of 3000 heads, data for 429 Holstein female calves and 551 male calves which have been born during one year were used with computer records. The result suggested that abnormal behaviour during 1<sup>st</sup> 12 hours of calf's life have been significantly affected by twinning and dystocia .The presence and duration of behaviour related to respiratory, digestive or mixed disorders were significantly higher in females, the calf’s growth rate was higher in male than female with significance difference, while its birth weight was significantly higher in dystocia than calves from normal parturition. There was a non-significant effect of calf gender, number of offspring and parturition state on calves weaning age. It could be concluded that Calf gender, number of offspring and parturition state have a different effects on behaviour and growth performance of calves from birth till weaning. Abnormal behaviours during the first 12 hours of calf's life as delayed sternal recumbancy, standing, abnormal suckling have been significantly affected by twinning and dystocia and not significantly affected by calf sex. Presence and duration of behaviour related to respiratory, digestive or mixed disorders were significantly higher in females than males, where these disorders were significantly higher in case of dystocia and twinning births. Culling of cows with incidence of twinning is recommended to control the decreased fertility, decreased total number of calves over the lifespan of the cow, and decreased milk production. https://svu.journals.ekb.eg/article_30409_66d0a837eb0b33c5d9700a185bffc973.pdf